GREENBERG E O DEBATE CRITICO – VANGUARDA E KITSCH
Vanguarda (deriva do francês avant-garde) em sentido literal faz referência ao batalhão militar que precede as tropas em ataque durante uma batalha. Daí deduz-se que vanguarda é aquilo que "está à frente". Desta forma, todo aquele que está à frente de algo e, portanto aquele que está à frente do seu tempo em uma atitude poderia se intitular como pertencente a uma vanguarda. De caráter didático.
Desta dedução surge a definição adotada por uma série de movimentos artísticos e políticos do fim do século XVIII e início do século XX. As vanguardas europeias ou os movimentos europeus de vanguarda eram aqueles que, segundo seus próprios autores, guiavam a cultura de seus tempos, estando de certa forma à frente deles.
Octavio Paz utiliza o termo para definir qualquer estética considerada "fundadora", que represente uma ruptura nos padrões artísticos de sua época.
(Wikkipedia)
Intro
Uma mesma sociedade pode ter frutos de comunicação artística totalmente diferentes, e aparentemente sem demonstrar relações entre si, apesar de possuir a mesma tradição cultural.
A resposta para a investirão nessa área, de critica, se da através da experiência estética,
“tal como vivida por um individuo especifico – não o individuo em geral – e os contextos sociais e históricos em que essa experiência tem lugar.”
I
“Todas as verdades que envolvam religião, autoridade, tradição ou estilo passam a ser questionadas, e o escritor ou artista deixa de ser capaz de avaliar a reação de seu publico aos símbolos e referencias com que trabalha.”
Se no passado, a arte era a inquestionável reprodução da realidade com o desenvolvimento humano e tecnológico isso foi posto a prova. O mestre possuía valor e virtuosismo e os temas polêmicos eram evitados devido à controvérsia das questões levantadas. A voz do mestre estabelecia as decisões.
O pensamento de vanguarda surgiu com a decadência da aristocracia, e se desenvolveu junto com o desenvolvimento dos métodos revolucionários científicos na Europa.
A boemia, que a principio era’ idêntica’ a vanguarda, era manifestadamente desinteressada de política. A disseminação das idéias revolucionarias burguesas serviu para impulsionar a classe artística servindo tanto de anti-exemplo (não somos burgueses) como para estimular (não queremos ser dominados pela aristocracia) a fomentação da arte’ moderna’. A arte de vanguarda, foi alem, niilista, ao repudiar tanto a política revolucionaria quanto a burguesa. O objetivo da vanguarda não era experimentar e sim, manter a cultura em movimento em meio a violência e a confusão ideológica da Revolução Francesa. Surge ‘a arte pela arte’ e a ‘poesia pura’. Foi pela busca do absoluto que a vanguarda e a poesia chegaram a arte abstrata ou não objetiva. O artista tendo-se como deus, o criador da realidade, independente de significados similares ou originais. “O conteúdo deve ser tão completamente dissolvido na forma que a obra de arte ou literária já não possa ser reduzida no todo ou em parte a algo que não seja ela própria.”
Desviar a atenção do tema experiência comum e criar um atalha para a experiência própria de cada um e de si mesmo.como criador. Essa e’ a gênese do abstrato. A expressão portando mais do que aquilo que e’ expresso.
A cultura de vanguarda e’ a imitação do processo de imitação; e’ o próprio fato – algo que não requer aprovação nem condenação. A vanguarda move-se, e’ isso que justifica os métodos de vanguarda e os torna necessários. Artistas para artistas, poetas para poetas. Hoje em dia a vanguarda pertence as classes dominantes sendo a elas destinadas. A vanguarda pretendia ser desvinculada das classes dominantes porem são as classes dominantes que a mantém numa relação áurea. Os ricos e os cultos.
II
“Onde há uma vanguarda, em geral também encontramos uma retaguarda. A verdade e’ que simultaneamente a entrada em cena da vanguarda, um novo fenômeno cultural apareceu no Ocidente industrial: o kitsch, a arte e a literatura populares, comerciais, com seus cromos, capas de revistas, historias em quadrinhos, musica de cabaré, sapateado, filmes de Hollywood etc. Por alguma razão esse fenômeno massivo foi encarado como natural.”
O Kitsch e’ um produto da revolução industrial que, urbanizando as massa da Europa ocidental e da America, implantou a chamada alfabetização universal.
Antigamente o que separava as inclinações culturais era saber ler e escrever, isso era tido como refinamento e definia para quem era voltada a arte. A alfabetização universal se deu com a vinda dos camponeses para os centros criando a pequena burguesia, as habilidades de leitura e escrita tornavam a mão-de-obra mais eficiente. Por conta disso, surgiu um tédio generalizado, pois nem todos adquiriram o habito como prazer, gerando a necessidade de uma arte de entretenimento que fosse mais acessível, mais fácil de consumir. Eis o kitsch, que visa o lucro e a acessibilidade. Seu padrão e’ mecânico e funciona através de formulas. O kitsch e’ a experiência por procuração e sensações falsificadas. Ele não exige muito de seus consumidores nem mesmo seu tempo, somente seu dinheiro. Toma emprestado expedientes, truques estratagemas, regras praticas e temas, converte-os num sistema e descarta o resto. Métodos industriais tomam o lugar do artesanato. A revista New Yorkerculturalmente kitsch dilui muito material de vanguarda em suas publicações. Devido ao seu custo ser baixíssimo, e ao seu fácil poder de reprodução passou a ser adorado e consumidos em todo o mundo sendo preferido ate mesmo do que os produtos de cultura própria exclusivos e manufaturados. O Kitsch se tornou cultura dominante tido na Rússia como ‘realismo socialista’. Há três parâmetros: o antigo, o atualizado de ma qualidade e o genuinamente novo. E a preferência pelo Kitsch não se deve ao condicionamento nem foi imposta pela classe dominante, visto que temos em todo o mundo no sistema educacional aulas sobre os grandes artistas que revolucionaram a arte e se tornaram clássicos. O que vemos e’ que a grande maioria escolhe o caráter kitsch. Seja na arte ou em qualquer campo, todos os valores são valores humanos, valores relativos. O que difere a opinião e’ a sobre a qualidade da arte, seja de boa qualidade ou de ma qualidade, levando-se em conta, que haverá os gênios e os considerados melhores de seu tempo. Reconhecível, miraculosos e evocativo.
A arte sintética já da ao espectador a digestão, a arte já esta explicita, sem mistério. A arte genuína requer um esforço sem atalhos para ser apreciada, onde o reconhecível, miraculoso e o evocativo requerem do espectador uma sensibilidade para o subliminar para que seja apreciada devidamente a qualidade plástica do autor.
III
“Se a vanguarda imita os processos da arte, o kitsch imita seus efeitos. A concisão dessa antítese não e’ gratuita; ela reflete e define o imenso intervalo que separa dois fenômenos culturais simultâneos como a vanguarda e o kitsch. ... esse intervalo social que sempre existiu na cultura formal, os dois extremos convergem e divergem numa relação fixa. Sempre houve de um lado os poderosos e, portanto os cultos, e de outro, a grande massa dos explorados e pobres. – os ignorantes. A cultura formal sempre pertenceu aos primeiros, enquanto os últimos se contentaram com uma cultura popular ou rudimentar. Ou com o Kitsch. Nessa sociedade estável, que funciona suficientemente bem para manter fluidas as contradições entre as classes, a dicotomia cultural e’ algo atenuada. Os axiomas de poucos são compartilhados pela maioria; esta crê surpersticiosamente no que os primeiros acreditam de fato. Em tais momentos da historia, as massas são capazes de sentir respeito e admiração pela cultura de seus senhores, por mais elevada que seja. “Isso se aplica, pelo menos, a cultura plástica, que e’ acessível a todos.”
Na Idade Media, o artista simulava respeitar os mínimos denominadores comuns da experiência. O tema da arte era determinado por aqueles que encomendavam as obras e o artista ficava livre para concentrar em seu meio. Bastava-lhe simplesmente ser artífice, não sendo necessário seu conhecimento filosófico ou visionário. Ele iria apenas reproduzir a realidade sem a necessidade de imaginação artística, não precisava ser original nem inventivo. O meio se tornava o conteúdo de sua arte. Somente com o Renascimento foi que o artista pode colocar suas verdadeiras emoções em sua obra, embora devesse se manter simples e dentro do universalmente reconhecível. Rembrandt que foi o marco entre os artistas solitários. A arte se torna ouro quando a realidade que imita já não corresponde mais a realidade que o publico reconhece. Mesmo assim, o ressentimento que o homem comum sente e’ silenciado pela reverencia que os patronos dessa arte lhe inspiram. Só quando se torna insatisfeito com a ordem social administrada por estes patronos começa a criticar a cultura.
IV
A cultura superior e’ uma das mais artificiais de todas as criações humanas, e o camponês não sente dentro de si nenhuma urgência ‘natural’ que o leve a Picasso. Ele sente e’ a necessidade de trabalhar arduamente o dia inteiro para seu sustento, e as situações rudes e desconfortáveis em que vive não lhe proporciona suficiente tempo livre, energia e tranqüilidade para aprender a apreciar Picasso. Afinal, isso exige uma dose considerável de ‘condicionamento’. Quando sentir vontade de ver imagens o camponês retorna ao Kitsch, porque isso ele e’ capaz de aprender sem esforço. O Estado e’ impotente com relação a essa questão, e assim permanecera enquanto os problemas da produção não tiverem sido resolvidos num sentido socialista, e o mesmo vale para os países capitalistas.
Visto que os regimes não podem elevar o nível cultural das massas, eles se dispõem a adulas as massas rebaixando toda a cultura ao seu nível. E’ por essa razão que a vanguarda e’ proscrita, e não tanto porquen uma cultura superior seja inerentemente uma cultura mais critica.
De fato, o principal problema com arte e a literatura de vanguarda , não e’ que sejam demasiado criticas, mas que seja excessivamente ‘inocentes’, sendo muito difícil injetar-lhes uma propaganda efetiva, ao passo que o kitsch e’ mais maleável para esse fim. O kitsch mantém o ditador em estreito contato com a ‘alma’ do povo. Se a cultura oficial ficasse acima do nível geral das massas, haveria o perigo do isolamento. As massas demandam objetos de admiração e deslumbramento; as elites podem passar sem eles.
“O capitalismo em declínio descobre que qualquer coisa de qualidade que ainda seja capaz de produzir se transforma quase invariavelmente numa ameaça a sua própria existência. Os avanços na cultura, não menos que na ciência e na industria, corroem a própria sociedade sob cuja a égide se tornaram possíveis. Nesse caso, como em qualquer outra questão, torna-se hoje necessário citar Marx palavra por palavra. Hoje, já não nos voltamos para o socialismo na esperança de uma nova cultura – que surgira inevitavelmente, desde que de fato tenhamos socialismo. Hoje voltamos para o socialismo simplesmente para preservar a cultura viva que temos agora, qualquer que seja ela.”
GREENBERG AND CRITICAL DEBATE - AVANT-GARDE AND KITSCH
Vanguard ( derived from the French avant - garde ) in the literal sense refers to the military battalion preceding attack on troops during a battle . Hence it follows that edge is what " lies ahead ." Thus , whoever is in front of something and therefore one who is ahead of his time in an attitude could call himself as belonging to a forefront . Didactic .
This deduction arises the definition adopted by a number of artistic and political movements of the late eighteenth century and early twentieth century . The vanguards European or European avant-garde movements were those who , according to their own authors guided the culture of its time , being somewhat ahead of them .
Octavio Paz uses the term to define any aesthetic deemed " founder " , which represents a rupture in the artistic standards of his time .
( Wikkipedia )
Intro
One company can have fruits artistic communication totally different , and seemingly without showing relationships between them , despite having the same cultural tradition .
The answer to invest in this area of criticism , it 's through the aesthetic experience ,
"As experienced by a specific individual - not the individual in general - and the social and historical contexts in which this experience takes place . "
I
" All truths involving religion, authority , tradition, or style are to be questioned , and the writer or artist is no longer able to evaluate the reaction of his audience to the symbols and references with which he works . "
If in the past , art was the unquestioned reproduction of reality with the human and technological development that has been challenged . The master had value and virtuosity and controversial issues were avoided due to the controversy of the issues raised . The master's voice established decisions .
The forward thinking emerged with the decline of the aristocracy , and developed along with the development of revolutionary scientific methods in Europe .
The Bohemia which at first was ' identical ' to the forefront , was manifestly disinterested policy . The spread of revolutionary ideas bourgeois served to boost the artistic serving both anti - example ( we are not bourgeois ) how to stimulate ( do not want to be dominated by the aristocracy ) the fostering of the art ' modern ' . The avant-garde art , was German , nihilistic , repudiating both as a political revolutionary bourgeois . The purpose of the experiment and was not forefront yes , keep culture moving in the midst of ideological confusion and violence of the French Revolution . Surge ' art for art ' and ' pure poetry ' . It was the pursuit of the absolute forefront and poetry reached abstract or nonobjective . The artist having as God , the creator of reality , regardless of original or similar meanings . " The content should be as completely dissolved in order that the work of art or literature can no longer be reduced in whole or in part to something other than itself . "
Divert attention from the issue and create a common experience for bypasses the experience of each and you mesmo.como creator. And that ' the genesis of abstract . The term carrying more than what and ' Express .
The avant-garde culture and ' imitation of the imitation process , and ' the very fact - something that does not require approval or condemnation . The vanguard moves , and ' what justifies the avant-garde methods and makes them necessary . Artists for artists , poets for poets . Nowadays the edge belongs to the ruling classes and they intended . The vanguard was intended to be relieved of the dominant classes however are the ruling classes that keeps a golden ratio . The rich and the educated .
II
"Where there is an avant-garde, generally we also find a rear. The truth and 'simultaneously entered the scene the forefront, a new cultural phenomenon appeared in the industrial West: kitsch, art and popular literature, trade with their trading cards, magazine covers, comic books, music cabaret, tap , Hollywood movies etc.. For some reason this massive phenomenon was seen as natural. "
The Kitsch and ' a product of the industrial revolution which urbanized the mass of western Europe and America , has implemented the so-called universal literacy .
Formerly separating the cultural inclinations was to read and write , it was seen as refinement defined and for whom it was aimed at art . Universal literacy was with the coming of the peasants to the centers creating the petty bourgeoisie , the skills of reading and writing hand - made labor more efficient . Because of this , there arose a widespread boredom , because not all acquired the habit as pleasure , creating the need for an art of entertainment that was more accessible , easier to consume . Here's kitsch, for-profit and accessibility . Its standard and ' mechanic and works through formulas . The kitsch and ' experience by proxy and fake feelings . It does not require much of your consumers even your time , your money only . Borrows expedients , tricks stratagems , rules, practices and themes , converts them into a system , and discards the rest . Industrial methods take the place of the craft . The magazine New Yorkerculturalmente kitsch dilutes very cutting edge material in their publications . Due to its cost is very low , and its easy power play came to be worshiped and consumed around the world until it is preferred that the products manufactured and unique culture of its own . The Kitsch became dominant culture had in Russia as ' socialist realism ' . There are three parameters : the old , the poor quality and updated genuinely new . And the preference for kitsch is not due to conditioning was not imposed by the ruling class , we have seen around the world in education classes about the great artists who revolutionized the art and have become classics . What we see and ' the vast majority chooses the character kitsch. Whether in art or in any field , all values are human values , relative values. What differs from the opinion and ' on the quality of the art is of good quality or poor quality , taking into account that there will be geniuses and considered the best of his time . Recognizable and evocative miraculous .
The art of the viewer already synthetic digestion , art already spells without mystery. A genuine art requires effort no shortcuts to be enjoyed , where recognizable , miraculous and evocative require the viewer's sensitivity to subliminal to be properly appreciated the artistic quality of the author .
III
" If the avant-garde imitates the processes of art, kitsch imitates its effects . The brevity of this antithesis is not 'free and reflects and defines the immense interval separating two simultaneous cultural phenomena as the avant-garde and kitsch. ... this social gap that has always existed in formal culture , the two extremes converge and diverge in a fixed ratio . Whenever there was a mighty hand , and therefore the services , and the other , the great mass of the exploited and poor . - The ignorant . The formal culture has always belonged to the former, while the latter were content with a popular culture or rudimentary . With or kitsch . In this stable society , which works well enough to keep fluid contradictions between classes , the cultural dichotomy and ' something attenuated . The axioms of a few are shared by the majority; believes this surpersticiosamente in the former believe in fact . In such moments of history , the masses are able to feel respect and admiration for the culture of their masters , however high it may be. " This applies at least culture plastic , which is ' accessible to all . "
In the Middle Ages , the artist simulates respect the lowest common denominators of experience. The subject of art was determined by those who commissioned the works and the artist was free to concentrate on your middle. He had only to be simply craftsman, not necessary your philosophical knowledge or visionary. He would just reproduce reality without the need for artistic imagination , need not be original or inventive . The medium became the content of his art . Only with the Renaissance was that the artist can put your true emotions in his work , although it should remain within the simple and universally recognizable. Rembrandt was a milestone among artists lonely . The art becomes gold when the reality imitates no longer corresponds more to reality that the public recognizes . Even so , the resentment the common man feels and ' muted reverence for the patrons of this art inspire you . Only when it becomes dissatisfied with the social order run by these patrons begin to criticize the culture.
IV
The superior culture and ' one of the most artificial of all human creations , and the peasant does not feel within himself no urgency ' natural ' that leads to Picasso . He feels and ' the need to work hard all day for a living , and rude and uncomfortable situations in which you live does not give you enough free time , energy and tranquility to learn to appreciate Picasso . After all , it requires a considerable amount of ' conditioning ' . When you feel like seeing pictures peasant returns to Kitsch, because that he and ' able to learn without effort. The State and ' impotent with respect to this issue , and so remained while production problems have not been solved in a socialist direction , and the same goes for the capitalist countries .
Since regimes can not raise the cultural level of the masses , they are willing to adulas the masses by lowering the entire culture at their level . It is for this reason that the avant-garde and ' proscribed , rather porquen a superior culture is inherently a culture more critical .
In fact , the main problem with art and avant-garde literature , and not ' to be too critical , but it is too ' innocent ' , it is very difficult to inject them an effective propaganda , while the kitsch and' softer for that end. The Kitsch Dictator keeps in close contact with the 'soul' of the people . If the official culture stays above the general level of the masses , there would be the danger of isolation . The masses demand objects of admiration and wonder ; elites can do without them .
"Capitalism in decline finds that whatever quality it is still capable of producing becomes almost invariably a threat to their very existence . Advances in culture , no less than in science and industry , corrode the very society under whose aegis became possible. In this case , as in any other issue , it is now necessary to quote Marx word for word . Today , we no longer turn to socialism in the hope of a new culture - that inevitably arose from the fact that we have socialism. Today we return to socialism simply to preserve the living culture we have right now , whatever it is . "
GREENBERG AND CRITICAL DEBATE - AVANT-GARDE AND KITSCH
Vanguard ( derived from the French avant - garde ) in the literal sense refers to the military battalion preceding attack on troops during a battle . Hence it follows that edge is what " lies ahead ." Thus , whoever is in front of something and therefore one who is ahead of his time in an attitude could call himself as belonging to a forefront . Didactic .
This deduction arises the definition adopted by a number of artistic and political movements of the late eighteenth century and early twentieth century . The vanguards European or European avant-garde movements were those who , according to their own authors guided the culture of its time , being somewhat ahead of them .
Octavio Paz uses the term to define any aesthetic deemed " founder " , which represents a rupture in the artistic standards of his time .
( Wikkipedia )
Intro
One company can have fruits artistic communication totally different , and seemingly without showing relationships between them , despite having the same cultural tradition .
The answer to invest in this area of criticism , it 's through the aesthetic experience ,
"As experienced by a specific individual - not the individual in general - and the social and historical contexts in which this experience takes place . "
I
" All truths involving religion, authority , tradition, or style are to be questioned , and the writer or artist is no longer able to evaluate the reaction of his audience to the symbols and references with which he works . "
If in the past , art was the unquestioned reproduction of reality with the human and technological development that has been challenged . The master had value and virtuosity and controversial issues were avoided due to the controversy of the issues raised . The master's voice established decisions .
The forward thinking emerged with the decline of the aristocracy , and developed along with the development of revolutionary scientific methods in Europe .
The Bohemia which at first was ' identical ' to the forefront , was manifestly disinterested policy . The spread of revolutionary ideas bourgeois served to boost the artistic serving both anti - example ( we are not bourgeois ) how to stimulate ( do not want to be dominated by the aristocracy ) the fostering of the art ' modern ' . The avant-garde art , was German , nihilistic , repudiating both as a political revolutionary bourgeois . The purpose of the experiment and was not forefront yes , keep culture moving in the midst of ideological confusion and violence of the French Revolution . Surge ' art for art ' and ' pure poetry ' . It was the pursuit of the absolute forefront and poetry reached abstract or nonobjective . The artist having as God , the creator of reality , regardless of original or similar meanings . " The content should be as completely dissolved in order that the work of art or literature can no longer be reduced in whole or in part to something other than itself . "
Divert attention from the issue and create a common experience for bypasses the experience of each and you mesmo.como creator. And that ' the genesis of abstract . The term carrying more than what and ' Express .
The avant-garde culture and ' imitation of the imitation process , and ' the very fact - something that does not require approval or condemnation . The vanguard moves , and ' what justifies the avant-garde methods and makes them necessary . Artists for artists , poets for poets . Nowadays the edge belongs to the ruling classes and they intended . The vanguard was intended to be relieved of the dominant classes however are the ruling classes that keeps a golden ratio . The rich and the educated .
II
"Where there is an avant-garde, generally we also find a rear. The truth and 'simultaneously entered the scene the forefront, a new cultural phenomenon appeared in the industrial West: kitsch, art and popular literature, trade with their trading cards, magazine covers, comic books, music cabaret, tap , Hollywood movies etc.. For some reason this massive phenomenon was seen as natural. "
The Kitsch and ' a product of the industrial revolution which urbanized the mass of western Europe and America , has implemented the so-called universal literacy .
Formerly separating the cultural inclinations was to read and write , it was seen as refinement defined and for whom it was aimed at art . Universal literacy was with the coming of the peasants to the centers creating the petty bourgeoisie , the skills of reading and writing hand - made labor more efficient . Because of this , there arose a widespread boredom , because not all acquired the habit as pleasure , creating the need for an art of entertainment that was more accessible , easier to consume . Here's kitsch, for-profit and accessibility . Its standard and ' mechanic and works through formulas . The kitsch and ' experience by proxy and fake feelings . It does not require much of your consumers even your time , your money only . Borrows expedients , tricks stratagems , rules, practices and themes , converts them into a system , and discards the rest . Industrial methods take the place of the craft . The magazine New Yorkerculturalmente kitsch dilutes very cutting edge material in their publications . Due to its cost is very low , and its easy power play came to be worshiped and consumed around the world until it is preferred that the products manufactured and unique culture of its own . The Kitsch became dominant culture had in Russia as ' socialist realism ' . There are three parameters : the old , the poor quality and updated genuinely new . And the preference for kitsch is not due to conditioning was not imposed by the ruling class , we have seen around the world in education classes about the great artists who revolutionized the art and have become classics . What we see and ' the vast majority chooses the character kitsch. Whether in art or in any field , all values are human values , relative values. What differs from the opinion and ' on the quality of the art is of good quality or poor quality , taking into account that there will be geniuses and considered the best of his time . Recognizable and evocative miraculous .
The art of the viewer already synthetic digestion , art already spells without mystery. A genuine art requires effort no shortcuts to be enjoyed , where recognizable , miraculous and evocative require the viewer's sensitivity to subliminal to be properly appreciated the artistic quality of the author .
III
" If the avant-garde imitates the processes of art, kitsch imitates its effects . The brevity of this antithesis is not 'free and reflects and defines the immense interval separating two simultaneous cultural phenomena as the avant-garde and kitsch. ... this social gap that has always existed in formal culture , the two extremes converge and diverge in a fixed ratio . Whenever there was a mighty hand , and therefore the services , and the other , the great mass of the exploited and poor . - The ignorant . The formal culture has always belonged to the former, while the latter were content with a popular culture or rudimentary . With or kitsch . In this stable society , which works well enough to keep fluid contradictions between classes , the cultural dichotomy and ' something attenuated . The axioms of a few are shared by the majority; believes this surpersticiosamente in the former believe in fact . In such moments of history , the masses are able to feel respect and admiration for the culture of their masters , however high it may be. " This applies at least culture plastic , which is ' accessible to all . "
In the Middle Ages , the artist simulates respect the lowest common denominators of experience. The subject of art was determined by those who commissioned the works and the artist was free to concentrate on your middle. He had only to be simply craftsman, not necessary your philosophical knowledge or visionary. He would just reproduce reality without the need for artistic imagination , need not be original or inventive . The medium became the content of his art . Only with the Renaissance was that the artist can put your true emotions in his work , although it should remain within the simple and universally recognizable. Rembrandt was a milestone among artists lonely . The art becomes gold when the reality imitates no longer corresponds more to reality that the public recognizes . Even so , the resentment the common man feels and ' muted reverence for the patrons of this art inspire you . Only when it becomes dissatisfied with the social order run by these patrons begin to criticize the culture.
IV
The superior culture and ' one of the most artificial of all human creations , and the peasant does not feel within himself no urgency ' natural ' that leads to Picasso . He feels and ' the need to work hard all day for a living , and rude and uncomfortable situations in which you live does not give you enough free time , energy and tranquility to learn to appreciate Picasso . After all , it requires a considerable amount of ' conditioning ' . When you feel like seeing pictures peasant returns to Kitsch, because that he and ' able to learn without effort. The State and ' impotent with respect to this issue , and so remained while production problems have not been solved in a socialist direction , and the same goes for the capitalist countries .
Since regimes can not raise the cultural level of the masses , they are willing to adulas the masses by lowering the entire culture at their level . It is for this reason that the avant-garde and ' proscribed , rather porquen a superior culture is inherently a culture more critical .
In fact , the main problem with art and avant-garde literature , and not ' to be too critical , but it is too ' innocent ' , it is very difficult to inject them an effective propaganda , while the kitsch and' softer for that end. The Kitsch Dictator keeps in close contact with the 'soul' of the people . If the official culture stays above the general level of the masses , there would be the danger of isolation . The masses demand objects of admiration and wonder ; elites can do without them .
"Capitalism in decline finds that whatever quality it is still capable of producing becomes almost invariably a threat to their very existence . Advances in culture , no less than in science and industry , corrode the very society under whose aegis became possible. In this case , as in any other issue , it is now necessary to quote Marx word for word . Today , we no longer turn to socialism in the hope of a new culture - that inevitably arose from the fact that we have socialism. Today we return to socialism simply to preserve the living culture we have right now , whatever it is . "
